Liver cancer is a serious health concern that affects millions of people worldwide. It is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, and its incidence is increasing rapidly. Liver cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells that are responsible for tumor initiation, progression, and recurrence. Therefore, targeting CSCs is crucial for the prevention and treatment of liver cancer.
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a multifunctional enzyme that plays a critical role in liver cancer development and progression. It is overexpressed in liver CSCs and promotes their survival and proliferation. Exostosin glycosyltransferase 1 (EXT1) is another protein that is involved in liver cancer development and progression. It regulates the activity of TG2 and promotes its signaling pathway, leading to the activation of various oncogenic pathways.
Acyclic retinoid (ACR) is a synthetic retinoid that has been shown to have chemopreventive and therapeutic effects against liver cancer. ACR targets multiple signaling pathways involved in liver cancer development and progression, including TG2-mediated EXT1 signaling. ACR inhibits the activity of TG2 and EXT1, leading to the suppression of liver CSCs’ survival and proliferation.
Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of ACR in targeting TG2-mediated EXT1 signaling in liver CSCs. In a preclinical study, ACR was shown to inhibit the growth of liver tumors in mice by targeting TG2-mediated EXT1 signaling. ACR treatment reduced the number of liver CSCs and inhibited their self-renewal capacity, leading to the suppression of tumor growth.
In another study, ACR was shown to sensitize liver CSCs to chemotherapy by targeting TG2-mediated EXT1 signaling. ACR treatment enhanced the efficacy of chemotherapy by reducing the number of liver CSCs and inhibiting their survival and proliferation.
ACR has also been shown to have a favorable safety profile and minimal side effects, making it an attractive candidate for liver cancer prevention and treatment. ACR is currently undergoing clinical trials for the prevention and treatment of liver cancer, and the results are promising.
In conclusion, targeting TG2-mediated EXT1 signaling in liver CSCs using ACR is a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of liver cancer. ACR’s ability to inhibit the survival and proliferation of liver CSCs makes it an attractive candidate for liver cancer prevention and treatment. Further studies are needed to fully understand ACR’s mechanism of action and its potential clinical applications.
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- Source: Plato Data Intelligence.